Background and aim: Virtual social networks, especially the telegram messenger network, have essential functions in the transition society and have been directly linked to security and ethical issues in societies. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of telegram messenger network on ethical security in Tehran. Research methodology: This study is a survey research using a researcher-made questionnaire tool to collect data. The statistical population of the study consistes of all users of telegram messenger network in Tehran. Data analysis was done using SPSS software and statistical tests. Findings: Findings indicate that the provision or threat of moral security is the result of the components of social behavior changes such as privacy violations (abuse of private information) and the spreading of false rumors and produced content (textual, audio, visual) about individuals and social and ethical issues. Targeted use of the telegram and ease of access to this messenger network are other influential variables. Conclusion: The results of this study shows that policy making and strategic planning (proactive and opportunistic measures) for targeted use and content guidance as well as legal and formal oversight and control levers, including filtering of some of the offending channels by responsible organizations (counter and counter measures), seems essential in order to maintain and preserve moral security.

Aims Today, Mobile Health interventions as a group of Electronic Health interventions used to provide health information and improve health outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Health Belief Model-based (HBM) education on self-care in diabetic patient via telegram, among participants. Materials & Methods This quasi-experimental study was done from Jun 2016 to September 2017 in the health centers of Tabriz. Out of 20 health complexes in Tabriz, randomized (stepwise sampling) 5 complex selected. Then from each complex, 2 health center was selected randomly. With randomly sampling method, 68 patients with diabetes were selected (34 participants in the intervention group and 34 participants in the control group). In intervention group, educational text messages based on HBM was sent via telegram during one month regularly. Three months later, both Intervention and control group completed researchermade questionnaires by self-report. The data were analyzed by Chi-square test, paired t-test, Pearson’ s test and SPSS 19 software. Findings There was no significant difference in several demographic characteristics between two groups. Comparison of the mean difference of knowledge and in HBM constructs before of intervention in the groups showed no significant difference (p>0. 05). There was a significant mean difference in the HBM constructs between two groups after intervention (p<0. 05). There were significant correlations between the HBM constructs (p<0. 05). Conclusion Educational messages improve the perception constructs of HBM constructs for adopting self-care behaviors.

Social media is one of the most popular web 2. 0 features in Iran. Regarding this fact, this paper aims to identify Iranian users’ reasons in preferring telegram on other Instant messaging Applications (IMAs). Recently, telegram has become the most popular IMA in Iran and many people use that every day. Using an extension of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), I try to answer the question why Iranians use this app instead of other IMAs such as Viber, Line and WhatsApp. The methodology was online survey which was conducted by GoogleDrive. com and a combination of purposed and snowball sampling was choose as sampling method. The sample consisted of 127 respondents and data was analyzed by SPSS 23. The results show that the perceived enjoyment, social effects, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use is more severe for telegram, comparing with other IMAs. Also, the findings confirm there is no relationship between education, age, job, income and gender with using telegram. So we can conclude using telegram is so pervasive in all of Iranian groups. This can be understood in the light of the term of ubiquitization of telegram in Iran. This paper paves the path for further studies into the situation of social media in Iran.

BACKGROUND: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of telegram as an Instant messaging application in clinical teaching of medical students, especially clinical ward rounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this quasi‑, experimental study, telegram as an Instant messaging application was employed. To do this, a telegram group entitled as “, Lavender”,was created and then selected patients were divided between students and externs daily. After that, students and externs were asked to take medical histories, perform complete physical examinations, and then share their data in the Lavender group. Ultimately, to evaluate the effects of this intervention, two quantitative and qualitative approaches were used. RESULTS: From the students’,point of view the highest average was associated with “, Readiness for teaching round”,(3. 71 ±,1. 34) and the lowest average was related to “, Time‑, saving for studying about illnesses”,(2. 08 ±,1. 44). In addition, medical trainees mentioned that reporting patients’,daily medical histories and progress notes could create a reflective process. The suggestion made by many medical trainees was to select and discuss simpler cases who have more teaching points for them, while other trainees recommended focusing on common illnesses in the Lavender group. CONCLUSION: The use of messaging software applications such as telegram in medical education has created a new paradigm, which could facilitate interpersonal interactions among trainees.

Background: Divorce is considered as one of the major crises in Iran and worrying statistics reflects the severity of this crisis in recent years. There are many causes for divorce but the aim of this study was to introduce a young woman who got divorced from her husband due to her husband’s excessive use of telegram application.Method and case introduction: The subject is a 25-year-old woman who was married to a 26-year-old man two years ago and divorced this year (2016) due to her husband’s excessive use of telegram application. This qualitative study was carried out in 2016 and information was collected in two sessions of face to face interviews with subject.Results: The interviews with subjects showed that the only factor in the couple's divorce was subject’s husband’s excessive and inappropriate use of telegram applications and his excessive dependence on it.Conclusion: As excessive use of the Internet and its related applications cause many problems and even divorce in families and societies, it seems there is need for constructive ideas and solutions such as designing television programs or educational programs that could teach the correct use of this software to individuals in the community.

Jokes are considered as examples of subculture in a society, and they represent different social meanings and concepts. Among them, gender jokes represent social attitude of the society toward gender category. As Iranian people in one hand, have the advantage of utilizing modern telecommunication tools such as smart phones and therefore they use messaging apps such as telegram and on the other hand, exchange jokes widely in this messaging apps., these jokes should be studied and considered more than before. This study is a qualitative one and it uses a netnography as its methodology. By applying a social constructive theory, this study compares different gender jokes posted in messaging app namely telegram. The results of studying jokes in three telegram channels after filtering that were evaluated in June 2018 showed that 50% of jokes were gender jokes and considering their form, they were mostly verbal jokes; jokes related to women were almost twice as many as jokes related to men in all three channels. Topics of gender constructions for men were related to sexuality and for women they were related to gender stereotypes including "making fool of women", "excessive use of make-up", "eagerness to get married", "inability to drive", "being forced to do household chores", and "irritability". These concepts are somehow redefining women's social role in current social conditions.

Each image is composed of positive and negative spaces. Researchers generally call the hollow space of an image and the background of the image objects as negative space. In Graphical works, especially posters, the negative space is very important as it can be seen by the audience and has effected in composition and attraction of the poster. As we know, The poster's major role is transferring the messages and concepts to the audience, which is often achieved by the positive space; Whereas negative space that mainly plays its main role as the background of the posters, a space for eye and mind relaxation or an emphasize to positive space, can also in the line with the concept of the poster, transfer the message to the audiences. This will increase and extend the effect on the viewer due to the coordination of negative space with the theme of the poster. Therefore, the aim and effort of this study is the identify ways of transferring the message to the poster's audiences through this type of space. Since in poster designs, the major focus and concentrate is often to positive space and less attention is paid to negative space, it is essential to realize the potentials of this type of space and its hidden characteristics. In this project, nine posters from the 10th Tehran International Poster Biennial, which its negative space has more messaging power has been chosen and analyzed based on visual principles. The method applied in this research is descriptive-analytic and its essential information is collected using library resources. The results indicate that the negative space has the ability to transfer the message to the audiences through its "broadness" or "limitations" in the poster, "color", "latent form" and"visual illusion". In the technique of utilizing "form" in negative space, which is one of the influential methods on the audiences, using the factor of "closure", causes the viewer's participation in order to receive the message. This form can also be seen as an independent form or as a part of the positive form in the negative space. Taking advantage of the mentioned methods will attract the audiences' attention to the negative space and will result in increasing the influence of the message in mind. This is because audiences have got used to receiving messages through positive space and will pass next to it easilyIn addition, using a form with the technique of visual illusion in negative space, which can be created in a poster in the way of using "one form", "repeating a form" or "several different forms", and cuases ambibiguity in foreground and background of an images, attracts attention and creates more visual shock for the audiences. Because audiences do not often expect to see a form in the background of an image and also the movement of two spaces, there attention will be attracted mare than an ordinary image. therefore this method will provide greater surprise for the audiences, incompare to other methods.

Background and Objectives: This study has aimed to investigate the level of familiarity of librarians and users of the Central Library of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Tehran with Web 2. 0 services, especially mobile instant messaging applications. Another goal of this study was to provide practical solutions for using applications in order to provide library services. Methodology: This study was an applied research and was conducted with a survey-based approach. The population consisted of librarians and users of the Central Library of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch in Tehran. A digital questionnaire was prepared for data collection, and data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Findings: The findings indicated that librarians and library users were more familiar with Web 2. 0 applications than with Librarian 2. 0 and Library 2. 0. The frequency of librarians’ and users' responsiveness to the use of mobile instant applications was quite high, 0. 35 and 0. 40, respectively. In both groups, the use of mobile messaging applications was moderate. Library users also agreed on providing a variety of virtual social media services in the library. Discussion: The analyses of this study on services offered by libraries using mobile instant messaging applications would make libraries adopt new technologies and move towards changes in the new era.

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the migration of Iranian messenger users of telegram to WhatsApp instead of domestic messengers after the telegram filtering. This research is explorative applied research. For analyzing factors, the thematic analysis method was used. Then, using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), the relationship between these factors was identified by 15 experts. These factors were classified into 5 levels. The results show that three factors: WhatsApp doesn’t need a VPN, voice and video call capability, and WhatsApp compatibility with all mobile devices, are the most influential factors; and factors like a habit to use foreign messengers, presence of contacts on WhatsApp (popularity), absence of contacts in domestic messengers (non-popularity), forming or migrating groups to WhatsApp and sending files through WhatsApp at the request of others, pressure of others to migrate to WhatsApp, negative WOM about domestic messengers and feeling of insecurity in domestic messengers are the most impressive factors.Keywords: Virtual social network, Social messenger, Domestic messenger, Interpretive structural modeling, WhatsApp, telegram.  Main Question:What are the factors affecting the migration of Iranian telegram users to WhatsApp instead of migration to domestic messengers after filtering telegram?Literature review:- Consumer behavior- Behavioral intention- Virtual social networks and social messengers- Disadvantages and damages of foreign messengers Research MethodologyStartResearch OverviewLeveling factorsIdentifying the affecting factors of the migration of Iranian users from telegram to WhatsApp after the telegram filteringIdentifying the most important factorsThematic AnalysisScreeningWith expert’s viewsDesigning Questionnaire based on interpretive structural modeling standardInterviewTechnique ISMDetermining conceptual relationships between factorsFig. 1. Research steps.Findings:Table 2: The most important factors affecting the migration of Iranian users from telegram to WhatsApp after the telegram filtering.NoFactorsSource1Adequate and prior knowledge of WhatsAppInterview, Akbari and Malekian (2016)2Lack of sufficient knowledge of domestic messengersInterview, Akbari and Malekian (2016)3Getting used to using foreign messengersInterview4WhatsApp antiquity and creditInterview5Presence of my contacts on WhatsApp(popularity)Interview, Zhang et al. (2017), Rabiee and Kermani (2015), Karimian et al. (2017)6Absence of my contacts in domestic messengers (non-popularity)Interview7WhatsApp is internationalInterview8Absence of my contacts in telegram due to VPN problemsInterview9Forming or transferring groups to WhatsApp and sending files through WhatsApp at the request of othersInterview10Pressure and suggestion of others to migrate to WhatsAppInterview, Kazemi et al. (2015), Razeghi et al. (2017)11Advertise negative word of mouth about domestic messengersInterview12Easy and permanent access, ease of use, and high-speed WhatsAppInterview, Torino et al. (2016), Kim et al. (2019), Chang et al. (2015), Garcia Martin and Garcia Sanchez (2015), Singh et al. (2015), Kermani and Mozaffari (2018), Zamani and Taghipour (2017), Akbari and Malekian (2016), Hakim Ara et al. (2014), Akbari et al. (2014), Karimian et al. (2017), Rezaei et al. (2016), Heidari et al. (2016), Jafari et al. (2016), Ebrahimi and Ein Ali (2019), Forghani and Mohajeri (2018), Afshani et al. (2018)13Hardship use, low speed and delay, and bugs and technical defects in domestic messengersInterview14Difficult access, being time-consuming, low speed, costly, and telegram inefficiency due to the use of VPN and its frequent disconnection and connectionInterview15High security of WhatsAppInterview16Feeling of insecurity in domestic messengers due to their non-encryption and hackingInterview17Lack of trust in domestic messengersInterview, Farzaneh and Falahati Shahab al-Dini (2015), Akbari and Malekian (2016), Heidari et al. (2016)18WhatsApp does not need a VPNInterview19I can do all of my work with WhatsAppInterview, Forghani and Mohajeri (2017)20Attractiveness (due to having a story option) and WhatsApp is beautiful and user-friendlyInterview, Singh et al. (2015), Rezaei et al. (2016)21The capability of voice and video call on WhatsAppInterview22WhatsApp compatibility with all mobile devices and no installation of domestic messengers on mobile phones with the IOS systemInterview, Zhang et al. (2017)23Domestic messengers are not beautiful and lack of enjoyment in themInterview24Some channels are not active in domestic messengersInterview25Imitation in domestic messengers from foreign messengers and lack of innovation in domestic messengersInterview   LEVEL 1 3569101116  LEVEL 21419           LEVEL 3781724 LEVEL 4212131415202325          LEVEL 5182122Fig. 2. ISM research model.    AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the migration of Iranian messenger users of telegram to WhatsApp instead of domestic messengers after the telegram filtering. This research is explorative applied research. For analyzing factors, the thematic analysis method was used. Then, using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), the relationship between these factors was identified by 15 experts. These factors were classified into 5 levels. The results show that three factors: WhatsApp doesn’t need a VPN, voice and video call capability, and WhatsApp compatibility with all mobile devices, are the most influential factors; and factors like a habit to use foreign messengers, presence of contacts on WhatsApp (popularity), absence of contacts in domestic messengers (non-popularity), forming or migrating groups to WhatsApp and sending files through WhatsApp at the request of others, pressure of others to migrate to WhatsApp, negative WOM about domestic messengers and feeling of insecurity in domestic messengers are the most impressive factors.Keywords: Virtual social network, Social messenger, Domestic messenger, Interpretive structural modeling, WhatsApp, telegram.  Main Question:What are the factors affecting the migration of Iranian telegram users to WhatsApp instead of migration to domestic messengers after filtering telegram?Literature review:- Consumer behavior- Behavioral intention- Virtual social networks and social messengers- Disadvantages and damages of foreign messengers Research MethodologyStartResearch OverviewLeveling factorsIdentifying the affecting factors of the migration of Iranian users from telegram to WhatsApp after the telegram filteringIdentifying the most important factorsThematic AnalysisScreeningWith expert’s viewsDesigning Questionnaire based on interpretive structural modeling standardInterviewTechnique ISMDetermining conceptual relationships between factorsFig. 1. Research steps.Findings:Table 2: The most important factors affecting the migration of Iranian users from telegram to WhatsApp after the telegram filtering.NoFactorsSource1Adequate and prior knowledge of WhatsAppInterview, Akbari and Malekian (2016)2Lack of sufficient knowledge of domestic messengersInterview, Akbari and Malekian (2016)3Getting used to using foreign messengersInterview4WhatsApp antiquity and creditInterview5Presence of my contacts on WhatsApp(popularity)Interview, Zhang et al. (2017), Rabiee and Kermani (2015), Karimian et al. (2017)6Absence of my contacts in domestic messengers (non-popularity)Interview7WhatsApp is internationalInterview8Absence of my contacts in telegram due to VPN problemsInterview9Forming or transferring groups to WhatsApp and sending files through WhatsApp at the request of othersInterview10Pressure and suggestion of others to migrate to WhatsAppInterview, Kazemi et al. (2015), Razeghi et al. (2017)11Advertise negative word of mouth about domestic messengersInterview12Easy and permanent access, ease of use, and high-speed WhatsAppInterview, Torino et al. (2016), Kim et al. (2019), Chang et al. (2015), Garcia Martin and Garcia Sanchez (2015), Singh et al. (2015), Kermani and Mozaffari (2018), Zamani and Taghipour (2017), Akbari and Malekian (2016), Hakim Ara et al. (2014), Akbari et al. (2014), Karimian et al. (2017), Rezaei et al. (2016), Heidari et al. (2016), Jafari et al. (2016), Ebrahimi and Ein Ali (2019), Forghani and Mohajeri (2018), Afshani et al. (2018)13Hardship use, low speed and delay, and bugs and technical defects in domestic messengersInterview14Difficult access, being time-consuming, low speed, costly, and telegram inefficiency due to the use of VPN and its frequent disconnection and connectionInterview15High security of WhatsAppInterview16Feeling of insecurity in domestic messengers due to their non-encryption and hackingInterview17Lack of trust in domestic messengersInterview, Farzaneh and Falahati Shahab al-Dini (2015), Akbari and Malekian (2016), Heidari et al. (2016)18WhatsApp does not need a VPNInterview19I can do all of my work with WhatsAppInterview, Forghani and Mohajeri (2017)20Attractiveness (due to having a story option) and WhatsApp is beautiful and user-friendlyInterview, Singh et al. (2015), Rezaei et al. (2016)21The capability of voice and video call on WhatsAppInterview22WhatsApp compatibility with all mobile devices and no installation of domestic messengers on mobile phones with the IOS systemInterview, Zhang et al. (2017)23Domestic messengers are not beautiful and lack of enjoyment in themInterview24Some channels are not active in domestic messengersInterview25Imitation in domestic messengers from foreign messengers and lack of innovation in domestic messengersInterview   LEVEL 1 3569101116  LEVEL 21419           LEVEL 3781724 LEVEL 4212131415202325          LEVEL 5182122Fig. 2. ISM research model. AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the migration of Iranian messenger users of telegram to WhatsApp instead of domestic messengers after the telegram filtering. This research is explorative applied research. For analyzing factors, the thematic analysis method was used. Then, using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), the relationship between these factors was identified by 15 experts. These factors were classified into 5 levels. The results show that three factors: WhatsApp doesn’t need a VPN, voice and video call capability, and WhatsApp compatibility with all mobile devices, are the most influential factors; and factors like a habit to use foreign messengers, presence of contacts on WhatsApp (popularity), absence of contacts in domestic messengers (non-popularity), forming or migrating groups to WhatsApp and sending files through WhatsApp at the request of others, pressure of others to migrate to WhatsApp, negative WOM about domestic messengers and feeling of insecurity in domestic messengers are the most impressive factors.Keywords: Virtual social network, Social messenger, Domestic messenger, Interpretive structural modeling, WhatsApp, telegram.  Main Question:What are the factors affecting the migration of Iranian telegram users to WhatsApp instead of migration to domestic messengers after filtering telegram?Literature review:- Consumer behavior- Behavioral intention- Virtual social networks and social messengers- Disadvantages and damages of foreign messengers Research MethodologyStartResearch OverviewLeveling factorsIdentifying the affecting factors of the migration of Iranian users from telegram to WhatsApp after the telegram filteringIdentifying the most important factorsThematic AnalysisScreeningWith expert’s viewsDesigning Questionnaire based on interpretive structural modeling standardInterviewTechnique ISMDetermining conceptual relationships between factorsFig. 1. Research steps.Findings:Table 2: The most important factors affecting the migration of Iranian users from telegram to WhatsApp after the telegram filtering.NoFactorsSource1Adequate and prior knowledge of WhatsAppInterview, Akbari and Malekian (2016)2Lack of sufficient knowledge of domestic messengersInterview, Akbari and Malekian (2016)3Getting used to using foreign messengersInterview4WhatsApp antiquity and creditInterview5Presence of my contacts on WhatsApp(popularity)Interview, Zhang et al. (2017), Rabiee and Kermani (2015), Karimian et al. (2017)6Absence of my contacts in domestic messengers (non-popularity)Interview7WhatsApp is internationalInterview8Absence of my contacts in telegram due to VPN problemsInterview9Forming or transferring groups to WhatsApp and sending files through WhatsApp at the request of othersInterview10Pressure and suggestion of others to migrate to WhatsAppInterview, Kazemi et al. (2015), Razeghi et al. (2017)11Advertise negative word of mouth about domestic messengersInterview12Easy and permanent access, ease of use, and high-speed WhatsAppInterview, Torino et al. (2016), Kim et al. (2019), Chang et al. (2015), Garcia Martin and Garcia Sanchez (2015), Singh et al. (2015), Kermani and Mozaffari (2018), Zamani and Taghipour (2017), Akbari and Malekian (2016), Hakim Ara et al. (2014), Akbari et al. (2014), Karimian et al. (2017), Rezaei et al. (2016), Heidari et al. (2016), Jafari et al. (2016), Ebrahimi and Ein Ali (2019), Forghani and Mohajeri (2018), Afshani et al. (2018)13Hardship use, low speed and delay, and bugs and technical defects in domestic messengersInterview14Difficult access, being time-consuming, low speed, costly, and telegram inefficiency due to the use of VPN and its frequent disconnection and connectionInterview15High security of WhatsAppInterview16Feeling of insecurity in domestic messengers due to their non-encryption and hackingInterview17Lack of trust in domestic messengersInterview, Farzaneh and Falahati Shahab al-Dini (2015), Akbari and Malekian (2016), Heidari et al. (2016)18WhatsApp does not need a VPNInterview19I can do all of my work with WhatsAppInterview, Forghani and Mohajeri (2017)20Attractiveness (due to having a story option) and WhatsApp is beautiful and user-friendlyInterview, Singh et al. (2015), Rezaei et al. (2016)21The capability of voice and video call on WhatsAppInterview22WhatsApp compatibility with all mobile devices and no installation of domestic messengers on mobile phones with the IOS systemInterview, Zhang et al. (2017)23Domestic messengers are not beautiful and lack of enjoyment in themInterview24Some channels are not active in domestic messengersInterview25Imitation in domestic messengers from foreign messengers and lack of innovation in domestic messengersInterview   LEVEL 1 3569101116  LEVEL 21419           LEVEL 3781724 LEVEL 4212131415202325          LEVEL 5182122Fig. 2. ISM research model.    Fig. 3. Driving Power and Dependence Power matrix.    Fig. 3. Driving Power and Dependence Power matrix.